No. The browser is a full user application. WebView2 is a developer component. You can uninstall the Edge browser and keep WebView2, and your apps will still work.
Microsoft Edge WebView2 Runtime – Offline Installer Download Link automated installation in an offline environment
If you need to perform a silent, automated installation in an offline environment, you can use the following command in an elevated Command Prompt or PowerShell: automated installation in an offline environment